The oblong pod has a beak-shaped tip, grows up to 1.25 inches long and opens at maturity. This will not only add expertise to your gardening hobby, but it will also help you understand its characteristics. There are 4 recognized subspecies of V. villosa, 2 of which have been found in Minnesota, both weedy. %%EOF Hairy vetch absorbs nitrogen from the air as it grows. Hairy vetch is planted in the fall wherever it is grown. 0� ��8���3�u�]E�5��H��'�����2o��0����$}�ɽ�9S�"�p�� �8�NZ�Ҕ�B;H/mF����@��*�'Uf������ Well-nodulated hairy vetch can enrich the soil with 60 to 120 lb/acre of nitrogen through nitrogen fixation. 0000001356 00000 n 0000008024 00000 n The seed pods are 2 cm long and contain 6 to 8 seeds. 0000082799 00000 n DiTomaso. It is a legume, grown as a forage crop, fodder crop, cover crop, and green manure. [14] Despite being native to part of Europe it is considered an alien or invasive species in some European countries, such as Belgium, the Czech Republic, France, Germany, Italy, Poland, and Spain. %PDF-1.4 %���� 0000002413 00000 n 0000001280 00000 n The stems and leaves of hairy vetch are pubescent with tufts present at tips of stems. 0 Although non-native, it occurs in all US states and is considered invasive by some states, such as Alaska, Florida, Georgia, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Oregon, and Washington state — as well as in Japan and some parts of Europe where it is not native. 0000003372 00000 n endstream endobj 7 0 obj<> endobj 8 0 obj<> endobj 9 0 obj<>/ColorSpace<>/Font<>/ProcSet[/PDF/Text/ImageC]/ExtGState<>>> endobj 10 0 obj<> endobj 11 0 obj<> endobj 12 0 obj<> endobj 13 0 obj<> endobj 14 0 obj<> endobj 15 0 obj[/ICCBased 26 0 R] endobj 16 0 obj<>stream When planted alone as a winter cover crop in annual vegetable rotations, it can provide as much as 110 lbs. The importance of Hairy Vetch is high as its benefits are more and so are Hairy Vetch Facts. Vicia microphylla d'Urv. This taproot will allow the vetch to thrive even in dry conditions. John D. Byrd, Mississippi State University, Bugwood.org Steve Dewey, Utah State University, Bugwood.org Organic gardeners often plant hairy vetch (a nitrogen-fixing legume) as a companion plant to tomatoes, as an alternative to rotating crops in small growing areas. winter vetch. 0000083041 00000 n Click on an acronym to view each weed list, or click here for a composite list of Weeds of the U.S. N'EAST: Uva, R.H., J.C. Neal,and J.M. Hairy vetch has long trailing stems from 50 to 200 cm (20 to 79 in.) 0000004529 00000 n Hairy vetch (Vicia villosa) is often used as a forage legume or cover crop throughout many temperate areas of the world, including the United States. Such a vigorous annual cover crop that it is considered invasive in much of the United States, non-GMO hairy vetch is a European heirloom and one of the most popular restorative crops grown in the garden. Vicia pseudocracca Bertol. [10] Disadvantages of hairy vetch in production agriculture are related to the crop having a portion of hard seed and its tendency to shatter seed early in the season, leading to it remaining in the field as a weed later in the season. It is normally seeded at 20 to 40 pounds per acre. This species is known to have a great rooting system, with a tap root that will extend 1 to 3 feet into the soil profile. Cow vetch is very similar to hairy vetch (Vicia villosa), but is distinguished from the latter by its smooth stem. with many side branches in the top 20 cm (8 in. Please visit our sponsors . Due to the vining, climbing habit of the plant, it is often sown in combination with rye so the rye may provide some support. 0000090584 00000 n 43 0 obj<>stream HAIRY VETCH Vicia villosa Roth Plant Symbol = VIVI Contributed by: USDA NRCS Plant Materials Program Alternate Names winter vetch Uses Erosion control: Hairy vetch’s capacity to provide a heavy mulch aids in soil and water conservation. In these systems, the fall planted legume is either mechanically or chemically terminated 2 to 3 weeks prior to planting or under proper conditions it is terminated at planting. Though a good stand of this winter annual legume alone can provide good cover, it also can make a good companion species to ryegrass and, in particular, small grains. villosa distribution map", https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Vicia_villosa&oldid=959281763, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License, This page was last edited on 28 May 2020, at 00:41. A secondary benefit of vetch is its root system. Crown vetch has a leaflet at the tip of its leaves and does not have tendrils at the tip of its leaves as cow and hairy vetch do. 0000082355 00000 n The species Vicia hirsuta is also called hairy vetch. Hairy vetch fixes large amounts of nitrogen (N) that help meet N needs of the following crop, protects soil from erosion, helps improve soil tilth, and provides weed control during its vigorous growth in the spring and when left as a dead mulch at the soil surface. More photos. Under most conditions a systemic herbicide produces better results than a contact herbicide. This plant can be weedy or invasive according to the authoritative sources noted below.This plant may be known by one or more common names in different places, and some are listed above. Hairy vetch can also be grazed or harvested as forage. These plants usually don't cause problems in healthy native prairies. Hairy Vetch is a winter annual weed in the bean family often grown as a cover crop or used as animal fodder. 0000090813 00000 n Hairy vetch is a legume used primarily for soil improvement along roadsides and for bank stabilization. long. Vicia dasycarpa Ten. 0000003406 00000 n 0000008628 00000 n Leaves have 10-20 leaflets and terminate in tendrils. Tufted Vetch is also a perennial where Hairy Vetch is mostly an annual. Plants are useful to human beings in innumerable ways. Toxicity issues quickly arise, especially with non-ruminants, with excessive consumption. Hairy vetch’s capacity to provide a heavy mulch aids in soil and water conservation. Common signs of intoxication in include dermatitis, conjunctivitis, diarrhea, loss of hair, and in some cases death. The tiny seeds within are ripe when the pods have turned black. They resemble those of a very small pea. �S�"]�q�j'�)�. Tendrils form on the ends of the leaves. Stems are vining and can grow up to 6 feet long. In California, it has been evaluated as an invasive plant but its impacts in wildlands are considered minor (Cal-IPC, 2015). 0000002870 00000 n Hairy vetch is one of the most winter hardy legumes. woolly vetch. H�\T�n�0��+�HŇ(���I � �T�`�c˱S?�H�ѿ�P��2 �ĝٙ����Z�c�>5�hM��SFO�I���zj6L�#˥�Rjfxm���j�y�<1�DF�P~�!�S�B�2U��@s�J5P"�j��-�_��?#�JH7J[ReD� Cultural Control . 0000004132 00000 n 0000009165 00000 n Crop: Hairy vetch is grown as a cover preceding such crops as safflower, corn, tobacco, cotton, rice, tomatoes, and other vegetables. Vicia elegantissima Rouy 6 0 obj <> endobj Purple flowers form in early to mid summer. Hairy vetch, (Vicia villosa), aka sand vetch or winter vetch, is the most winter-hardy of the vetches. +�p�Ip5�P [13] With both vetches, their agricultural usefulness is typically given precedence over concerns regarding potential ecological degradation. x�b``Pf``�a```��€ It is a legume, grown as a forage crop, fodder crop, cover crop, and green manure. of nitrogen, very few legumes can come close to the benefits hairy vetch can present. 0000083507 00000 n The leaves have long, soft hairs with 10 to 20 leaflets borne opposite each other and tendrils at the end. Cow vetch and hairy vetch are invasive species. Hairy Vetch Seed. An interesting feature of vetch is the presence of nectaries on the stipules (small lobes at the base of the leaves) of many of the species. The leaves of hairy vetch are oblong, with 5-10 pairs of leaves per leaflet. This practice maintains the benefits of planting the green manure without having to disc or till deeply to bury the plant material. It has been cultivated in small fields and gardens, then plowed under to add nitrogen and organic matter to the soil. Toxicity: The entire plant is toxic. Its primary benefit has been as “green manure”. Every gardener must look for the required information on this plant before planting it. Hairy Vetch. Image 5362358 is of hairy vetch (Vicia villosa ) flower(s). Hairy vetch is widely used by organic growers in the United States as a winter cover crop and in no-till farming, as it is both winter hardy and can fix as much as 200 lb/acre of atmospheric nitrogen. When a hairy vetch cover crop is plowed into the soil, significant amounts of nitrogen are restored. Hairy vetch is an annual or biennial spreading herb with climbing stems growing up to 3 feet long. [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9] It is also found in most Canadian provinces. Uses. Nitrogen, a critical nutrient required for plant growth, is often depleted by repeated cultivation, poor soil management and use of synthetic fertilizers and herbicides. It has a weak tap root that grows up to 60 to 90 cm (24 to 35 in.) Applications Soil Stabilization & Erosion Control. Flowers of purple vetch (Vicia villosa). 0000006505 00000 n Cow vetch and hairy vetch spread over other vegetation, smothering it. 0000083278 00000 n of nitrogen per acre to a following spring crop. Hairy vetch performs well in rotations with conventional and no-till planted row crops. [12] Some sources consider it generally invasive in areas with suitable climate for it to out-compete native species, in a manner similar to how cow vetch, Vicia cracca, is regarded. Colonies are typically found growing along river banks, meadows, prairies, shoulders of highways overpasses, along roads, edge of croplands and in abandoned fields and well as other disturbed and undisturbed areas. It is also found in most Canadian provinces. Being more winter hardy than common vetch, hairy vetch has the potential to withstand temperatures in excess of 5F with no cover. These include common vetch and hairy vetch mentioned above, American vetch (V. americana), tufted vetch (V. cracca), hedge vetch (V. sepium), and 4-seeded vetch (V. tetrasperma). Hairy vetch is an annual or biennial, hardy, cool season agronomic legume, also commonly referred to as fodder vetch, winter vetch, or sand vetch. Vicia villosa, known as the hairy vetch, fodder vetch or winter vetch, is a plant native to some of Europe and western Asia. This can be a particular problem in wheat production. Synonym(s): winter vetch, hairy vetch, woolly vetch, wooly vetch: Native Range: Europe and Asia Identification, Biology, Control and Management Resources Weed of the Week - USDA Forest Service; Selected Images from Invasive.org: View All Images at Invasive.org: Flower(s); Flowers of purple vetch (Vicia villosa). It has a similar scrambling, climbing growth habit to common vetch and will survive throughout the winter. Habitat. The vetch vegetation provides both nitrogen and an instant mulch that preserves moisture and keeps weeds from sprouting. Hairy vetch is a winter annual legume that offers a number of potential benefits to row-crop or livestock producers when used as a winter cover crop. Hairy vetch is very similar to tufted vetch (Vicia cracca), the most noticeable difference being that tufted vetch has a smooth stem. 0000016121 00000 n Unripened seeds are swollen and have a green tint to them, but they unswell when they become ripe. The flowers, borne in a dense one-sided spike, are violet and white to rose colored. Legume (Vicia villosa) This forage legume is also known as hairy vetch or winter vetch. [11], It is regulated in the state of Florida. hairy vetch. It can crowd out native plant species. Hairy Vetch (Vicia villosa) is a short term legume commonly used for cover crops in home gardens, weed suppression, erosion control, ground cover, green manure, pasture, silage and hay. Hairy vetch (Vicia villosa) is a trailing winter annual, biennial, or summer annual weed that forms large mats of vegetation. To utilize hairy vetch in smaller gardens or raised beds, the plants are seeded in the fall as usual, however, once they have reached maturity, they are cut and composted in separate bins or beds. Now, although in many states crown vetch is considered an invasive weed, people still buy seeds to plant it. Control and Management: • Manual- Pull small infestations before seeds develop, to free native plants. Vicia varia Host. Cow and hairy vetch can be problematic in prairie restoration sites or other disturbed areas. Crown vetch (Securigera varia) A listed invasive plant in WisconsinLearn how to ID this plant in this short video. It is a 4-6 foot long annual plant with hairy stems and leaves (as the name implies), lance-shaped leaflets, and purple to red colored flowers that are lined up on one side of the stem. 0000007243 00000 n 0000091284 00000 n 1997. INVASIVE PLANT SPECIES FACT SHEET Problem: Crown vetch becomes a problem when it invades natural areas, such as na-tive grassland prairies and dunes, where it works to exclude native vegetation by fully covering and shad-ing those native plants. 6 38 0000003028 00000 n [15][16], "Invasive in Native Habitats of the Southern Willamette Valley", "Midwest Invasive Plant Network Midwest Invasive Plant List", "Invasive Plant Atlas of the United States — Vicia villosa", "Vicia villosa Roth ssp. Vicia villosa, known as the hairy vetch, fodder vetch or winter vetch, is a plant native to some of Europe and western Asia. 0000082122 00000 n It can also poison mammals and poultry. By having the capability to produce 200+ lbs. 0000005833 00000 n 0000011834 00000 n When it is time to plant tomatoes in the spring, the hairy vetch is cut to the ground and the tomato seedlings are planted in holes dug through the matted residue and stubble. considered invasive in some areas. X���H�" +C1�� C�-FFM��5�fL[��™j��0$0e2Y1~���4f�0ۼF]n"�q��{.0�f8,��p�a�_-�ь�) � �-������,��� � ��b 0000001532 00000 n startxref Although non-native, it occurs in all US states and is considered invasive by some states, such as Alaska, Florida, Georgia, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Oregon, and Washington state — as well as in Japan and some parts of Europe where it is not native. 0000002082 00000 n Hairy vetch and common vetch are also frequently planted as a cover crop. Later seeded vetch grown as a cover crop for green manure, will supply a smaller amount of N. Vetches are also grown for pasture. Cover Crop. 0000030158 00000 n xref Where to buy native seed and plants ↓ Map of native plant purveyors in the upper midwest. 0000001784 00000 n Crown vetch, Securigera varia (invasive) – crown vetch flowers are clustered at the top of stalks as opposed to the flowers arranged along the stalk on cow and hairy vetch. It is by Howard F. Schwartz at Colorado State University. ), and is known as an excellent nitrogen fixer. Hairy vetch can alter habitat structure and reduce the abundance of native plants through competition for space. 0000001056 00000 n Research has shown that hairy vetch mulch can increase main crop disease resistance and prolong leaf photosynthesis of the following crop. 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Schwartz at Colorado State University plant material heavy mulch aids in soil and conservation! �� * �'Uf������ �S� '' ] �q�j'� ) � 2 cm long and contain 6 to seeds! Forage legume is also called hairy vetch can also be a particular problem in wheat production vegetable! Often grown as a forage crop, fodder crop, fodder crop, fodder crop, and in cases... Within are ripe when the pods have turned black control and Management •! 2 of which have been found in Minnesota, both weedy seeds are swollen and have a tint... Of nitrogen per acre hairy vetch invasive most conditions a systemic herbicide produces better than!, fodder crop, cover crop 5362358 is of hairy vetch is mostly an annual but can be. Scrambling, climbing growth habit to common vetch and common vetch and common,... A winter-active legume which generally grows as an annual or biennial spreading herb with climbing stems growing up 60... 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