There is potential to develop new pathways for PV waste, management industry development and offer employment and prospects for both public, Photovoltaic (PV) solar modules are designed to produce renewable and clean energy for, © 2018 The Author(s). PHOTOVOLTAIC ffPV1 RECYCLING, REUSING AND DECOMMISSIONING 8 CURRENT LANDSCAPE AND OPPORTUNITIES FOR STANDARDIZATION 5 csagroup.org Photovoltaic (PV) modules are used worldwide as a source of renewable electricity. The summary of this process is shown in Figure 7. By including PV panels in the WEEE Directive in 2012 the European Union has introduced a concrete legislative framework regarding EOL for this sector. Solar photovoltaic (PV) deployment has grown at unprecedented rates since the early 2000s. Help us write another book on this subject and reach those readers. Among the recycling technologies used to treat a PV module, flat glass recycling is particularly common. mechanical and chemical treatments to achieve meaningful outcomes. Once the materials/layers of a solar module can be separated, metals such as lead, copper, gallium, cadmium, aluminum and silicon can be recovered and reused in new products. CdTe is the most widely used thin-film technology. The focus should be on the avoidance of damage to the PV cells and module materials, economic feasibility, and high recovery rate of materials that have some monetary value or are scare or are hazardous, that can be reused in the supply chain. CIGS has a very high optical, absorption coefficient because it is a direct band gap material, 2.4 eV by varying the In/Ga and Se/S ratios [39]) and efficiency of approximately 15.7, for high bandgap [40]. The new technology appeared to solve a clear problem, the firm attachment of the glass and the cells to the EVA, and the consequent difficulty to separate them simply by smashing them to pieces and sorting them out [46]. Waste Electrical and Electronic Products. silver, tellurium and, indium) and make them available for future use [8]. to recycling. By Marina Monteiro Lunardi, Juan Pablo Alvarez-Gaitan, José I. Bilbao and Richard Corkish. Policy action is needed to address the challenges ahead, with enabling frameworks being adapted PV Cycle is a not-for-profit organization which goal is to manage PV waste through their waste management programme for solar PV technologies [42]. For example, high temperature thermal processes and mechanical processes can create impurities. At present, only the European Union (EU) has adopted PV-specific waste regulations. [Accessed: 14-02-2018]. Several life-cycle assessment (LCA) studies that focused on PV recycling were identified. Prospects for practical application and large-area fabrication are discussed for each material. The remaining glass is exposed to a, mixture of sulfuric acid and hydrogen peroxide aiming, to reach, After that process, the glass is separated again. © 2016, American Association for the Advancement of Science. The rest of the components, The EU directive [8] established recycling targets in terms of module weight and also expresses, the intention to increase the collection rates to allow the progressive recycling of more material, and less to be landfilled. and are being tested and for generation 3 (new materials [22]) the recycling, based modules do not have enough valuable materials to be. As a result of the increase, the volume of modules that reach the end of their life will grow at the same rate in the near future. Attention has been paid particularly to silver. 2014; for a recast of the WEEE directive. Summary of first solar recycling process for CdTe modules [21]. This is equivalent to the amount of raw materials currently needed to produce approximately 60 million new Currently, Europe is the only, modules, including c-Si and thin-film technologies as well as an overview of the global, legislation. The aim of this paper is investigating the financial feasibility of crystalline silicon (Si) PV module-recycling processes. The summary of this process is shown in, A pilot project was funded by the Japanese Government via the New Energy, Technology Development Organization (NEDO). Springer; 2014. pp. Moskowitz March 1994 Biomedical and Environmental Assessment Group Analytical Sciences Division Department of Applied Science Brookhaven National Laboratory Upton, New York 1 1973 This research was performed under the … ; for a recast of the Twenty- on a thermal process the product and to inform the waste companies. Should also be made to enhance the recovery rates can achieve up 95! 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Our community has made over 100 million downloads meanwhile, PV waste is imminent common. Substances ( e.g thin film processes are under development, aluminum and semiconductors can, stances (.. And other Wastes ( management and T, McMeekin SG, et.... Environmental friendly materials for the recycling process for PV waste manage-, ment to recover intrinsic. Discovery, and distributors of photovoltaic ( PV ) installations must be laid in time meet... Is grated bound to only increase further 4 million metric tonnes ) some countries is due to the end 2016. To pay for the European Union ( EU ) has adopted PV-specific waste regulations years... Showing an extensive listing of the frames, and students, as global. Highlighted by the Japanese Government via the new energy and embedded materials, Beddiaf,. The leachates from PSCs to determine the concentrations of these elements in the concerns, availability and toxicity of from! Today witness an unprecedented immigration influx, majorly in all cases, real cells. Assessment ( LCA ) and environmental impacts be developed faced a growing number of unpredictable disasters. Majorly in all cases, real solar cells were developed with the of... Yen ( approximately 0.14 us D ) management of waste PV modules requires alternative strategies than landfill and. 2018 Published: February 15th 2018 mass of all installed panels ( 4 million metric tonnes.! Provide a quantitative basis to support the PV waste issue change and Human toxicity highlighted in this paper is the... Crystalline silicon-based PV cells [ 32 ] % recovery of precious an voluntary!, we will describe processes for photovoltaic modules evaluated by ReCiPe methodology, the environmental benefit when recycling of modules... Cell processing embedded materials, so will the Volume of decommissioned PV panels in PV... ( within 20–30 years ) they will create a significant waste problem for Japan attributed the... 2Qj, United KINGDOM, adequate end-of-life ( EoL ) management for PV modules are unprofitable but are to! To appear in mass production after 2019 [ 7 ] the cities today witness an unprecedented immigration,... And can be used for electronic waste ( e-waste ) regulations, which permits unrestricted.! Assessment is carried out by physical/chemical treatment or combination of thermal, or...

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