At that time a princely council evolved, formed mainly of members of the Lüneburg ministeriales. A New & Exact Map of the Electorate of Brunswick-Lunenburg (Duchy of Braunschweig - Lüneburg) This is an original, old-colored copper engraved map of the Duchy of Braunschweig - Lüneburg by Herman Moll, from around 1720. English: The Duchy of Brunswick-Lüneburg (German: Herzogtum Braunschweig-Lüneburg), or more properly Duchy of Brunswick and Lüneburg, was an historical ducal state from the late Middle Ages until the late Early Modern era within the North-Western domains of the Holy Roman Empire of the German Nation, in what is now northern Germany. The Wolfenbüttel Line retained its independence, except from 1807 to 1813, when it and Hanover were merged into the Napoleonic Kingdom of Westphalia. In 1539, their youngest brother, Francis, who had also shared the reins of power since 1536, also abdicated and was given the Amt of Gifhorn, leaving Ernest the Confessor to rule alone.[2]. There was no clear division of responsibility; the choice of court was left to the plaintiff. Ducatus Luneburgensis Adiacentiumq regionum delineatio (Duchy of Lüneburg) This is an original, old-colored copper engraved map of the Duchy of Lüneburg by Johann Janssonius (1588 - 1664) from 1640. The government was led by a so-called governor (Statthalter), who oversaw the administration of the court and royal office. [1] From 1378, the seat of the principality was in Celle. Beneath him were the scribes, most of whom came from the Lüneburg clergy. Lauenburg was integrated into Prussia’s Schleswig-Holstein in 1876. John (c. 1242 – 13 December 1277), a member of the House of Welf, was Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg from 1252 until his death. Title: Ducatus Luneburgensis Adiacentiumq regionum delineatio Area or Place: Duchy of Lueneburg Cartographer: Johann Janssonius (1588 - 1664) Year: approx. In 1446 he was followed by his brother, Frederick the Pious, who abdicated, however, in 1457 in favour of his sons, Bernard and Otto, in order to enter the Franciscan abbey at Celle. When Otto died in 1549, the Amt of Harburg should have reverted to the dukes of Celle, but Otto's son, Otto the Second, succeeded in 1560 in having a new regulation added to the severance agreement of 1527. In addition to participating in legislation and approving taxes, it had a right to represent various administrative bodies and was thus involved in the administration of the Principality. Detailed information about the coin 1 Brakteat, Wilhelm, Duchy of Brunswick-Lüneburg, with pictures and collection and swap management : mintage, descriptions, … It was not until after the Battle of Winsen in 1388, when Wenceslas lost his life, that the Wittenbergs gave up their claims and the principality was finally secured by the Welfs. Their powers of jurisdiction were transferred to the Ämter as the latter became established. The barony of Danneberg remained part of the Principality of Lüneburg, however, and important sovereign rights, such as foreign policy or tax policy, remained with the government in Celle. Further important reforms included the Lutheran Church Order, adopted in 1564, which practically completed the Reformation in Lüneburg, as well as the aulic court and administrative ordinances (the Hofgerichtsordnung and Polizeiordnung). After the Principality of Grubenhagen had returned to Celle in 1617, the Dannenberg line received the Amt of Wustrow as compensation. 676 Related Articles [filter] After Duke Henry's death in 1416, he was followed by his two sons, William and Henry. The Duchy of Brunswick (German: Herzogtum Braunschweig) was a historical German state.Its capital was the city of Brunswick (Braunschweig).It was established as the successor state of the Principality of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel by the Congress of Vienna in 1815. [15], In the 17th century the Lüneburg Landschaft emerged as an institution representing the estates (Landstände) of the Principality of Lüneburg. To begin with they only supplemented the armies raised by the knights; later they largely replaced them in the 17th century because of their military superiority. Thereafter the Ämter were responsible for the initial handling of civil law matters for the majority of subjects in the principality. For example, the von Grote family provided the seneschal and the von Medings the marshal. Not until the acquisition of numerous counties and rights in the 13th and 14th centuries did the rulers of Lüneburg succeed in building a unified state. In the course of the clashes that now arose between the dukes and the town of Lüneburg, numerous battles were fought across the entire country. Lüneburg achieved even greater independence and had both greater and lesser jurisdictions. Omissions? [16], Beginning in the 13th century, advocacies (Vogteien) emerged in the Principality of Lüneburg as providers of local administration, sometimes in parallel with the existing magistracies and sometimes based on them. [19], In the 13th and 14th centuries the regional magistracies (Gogerichte) were responsible for the administration of justice. In addition to the exercising juridical authority they were responsible inter alia, for "the muster of tied villeins, the organization of defence and for taking charge of the militia" (Aufgebot der folgepflichtigen Hintersassen, Verteidigungsorganisation bis hin zur Sorge für die Landwehren). Move to "Duchy of Brunswick-Lüneburg" In order to conform to the usual convention, e.g. Importantly, they were also the first level of jurisdiction for all civil disputes and lesser criminal cases. The Kammerrat was responsible for key policy decisions, particularly in financial matters and the area of foreign policy, while the duties of the chancery were restricted merely to administration. The Duchy of Lüneburg, Lüneburg, Lunenburg, is a small constitutional monarchy on the northern border of the Holy Roman Empire.It is bordered by Denmark to the north and Brandenburg, Brunswick and Verden to the south. In 1530, Ernest signed the Augsburg Confession, and brought back with him the Augsburg reformer Urbanus Rhegius, who was largely responsible for the implementation of the Reformation in Lüneburg over the succeeding decades. After the disbandment of the common army for the overall House of Brunswick-Lüneburg in 1644, elements of its regiments joined the Principality of Lüneburg and formed the Lüneburg Army. Find link is a tool written by Edward Betts.. searching for Duchy of Brunswick-Lüneburg 32 found (162 total) alternate case: duchy of Brunswick-Lüneburg Northeim (district) (224 words) exact match in snippet view article of Kassel). Prince of Wolfenbuttel at popflock.com Göttingen, 1922. At the 1527 Landtag recess, even those nobles who had been hostile declared their support for the new faith. The Duchy of Brunswick-Lüneburg (German: Herzogtum Braunschweig und Lüneburg), or more properly the Duchy of Brunswick and Lüneburg, was a historical duchy that existed from the late Middle Ages to the Early Modern era within the Holy Roman Empire.The duchy was located in what is now northwestern Germany.Its name came from the two largest cities in the territory: Brunswick and Lüneburg. According to the agreement reached there, the Welfs and the Wittenbergs were to rule alternately.[2]. [18] The chancery court handled all civil and criminal cases involving the nobility and the majority of senior officials. The capital is Lüneburg and the population is around 353,000. To secure the support of towns and the lower nobility, both the Welfs and the Ascanians were forced to give the estates wide privileges, and enfeoff them with numerous rights and castles. [22], In the early stages of the Thirty Years War, the fighting troops were still made up of mercenaries until, in 1631, under the Calenberg duke, George, troops were organised for the entire Welf House of Brunswick-Lüneburg that, for the first time, provided a permanent standing army in the service of the dukes. When the main line of descent became extinct in 1884, the German Emperor withheld the rightful heir, the Crown Prince of Hanover, from takin… Succeeded by; Duchy of Saxonyball: Hannoverball, Duchy of Brunswickball: The Duchy of Brunswick-Lüneburgball was a HREball state. LC copy assembled from loose sheets. For example, there were so-called "internal, stake, fence, village, road and field courts" (Binnen-, Pfahl-, Zaun-, Dorf-, Straßen- und Feldgerichte. The Ämter reported to the ducal treasury, the Rentkammer, in Celle. One priority for Duke Ernest "the Confessor" was to pay off the principality's massive debts. Ernst Schubert in Geschichte Niedersachsens, Vol. In addition, the two capitals, Lüneburg and Brunswick, remained in the common ownership of the House of Welf until 1512 and 1671 respectively. Their rule was characterized primarily by the financial constraints under which the country continued to suffer in the wake of the Lüneburg War of Succession. [2][5], The town of Lüneburg supported the Wittenbergs and took the opportunity to escape from the immediate influence of the duke, destroying the ducal castle on the Kalkberg on 1 February 1371 and forcing him to relocate his residence to Celle. In addition, they were the administrative centre for the ducal estate, i.e. Magnus Torquatus had already died in 1373, so the treaty between the two contending houses was further reinforced by the marriage of his two eldest sons, Frederick and Bernard I, to the two daughters of Wenceslas and by the marriage of Magnus's widow to Albert of Saxe-Wittenberg. Relief shown pictorially. Since the 16th century these courts lost their influence and disputes about forested land were decided by other courts. These offices are mentioned up to the 14th century, but had largely lost their political influence, by the turn of that century. When the Principality of Lüneburg emerged as a result of the division of Brunswick-Lüneburg in 1269, the domain of the Lüneburg princes consisted of a large number of territorial rights in the region of Lüneburg. [21], Up to the 16th century military forces were provided by the Lehnsmiliz, knights required to do military service, and the militia (under the Heerbann) who were drawn from elements of the rural population. In charge of the Amt was a bailiff-cum-magistrate (Amtmann), who was appointed by the duke. Following his death, his three sons jointly ruled the Duchy. Because of his role in the Hildesheim Diocesan Feud and the associated political opposition to Emperor Charles V, Henry was forced to abdicate in 1520 in favour of his sons Otto and Ernest the Confessor. [18], Special cases were brought before the so-called "closed aristocratic courts" (geschlossenen adeligen Gerichte) in Gartow and Wathlingen. The necessary tax increases led to serious clashes with the estates. The principality was named after its first capital, Lüneburg (also called Lunenburg in English), which was ruled jointly by all Brunswick-Lüneburg lines until 1637. Maps by numerous cartographers, as well as Willem and Joan Blaeu. George William soon displaced John in Lüneburg, but had to cede Calenberg to John, and also the Principality of Grubenhagen, which had been acquired by the House of Lüneburg in 1617.[11]. You may use an asterisk as a wildcard. Herzogtum Lauenburg County On 31 December 2011the Duchy of Lauenburg County (Kreis Herzogtum Lauenburg) had an area of 1,263 km 2, with a population of nearly 187,500.Nearly 100,000 of them are living in the cities of Geesthacht, Lauenburg/Elbe, Mölln, Ratzeburg (seat),Schwarzenbek and the municipality of Wentorf bei Hamburg. Get Prince of Wolfenbuttel essential facts. The Dukes of Brunswick-Lüneburg were elevated by the Holy Roman Emperor to the rank of Prince-Elector in 1692, and this elevation was confirmed by the Diet in 1708. When he came to power, all the offices (Ämter) were pledged, with the exception of the Schlossvogtei. The Duchy remained independent and joined first the North German Confederation and in 1871 the German Empire. The two brothers reigned jointly until the death of Otto III in 1352, leaving William in sole charge until his own death in 1369. Duchy of Brunswick-Lüneburgball was born as a 2ball, later adopted by Germaniaball, Franciaball, East Franciaball and HREball. The House of Brunswick originated from the Italian House of Este. The official language is German. Search tips. [7] The Celle dukes, Bernard and Henry had emerged victorious from the conflict to be sure, but faced huge financial problems as a result. The troops were deployed during this period in several European wars, including those in Venice, Spain and the Netherlands. French text. For example, Celle was still responsible for foreign policy issues and the Gifhorn nobility remained part of the Lüneburg estates. Cases for subjects that came under the jurisdiction of the 'closed aristocratic courts' in Wathlingen and Gartow were heard by the respective lords of the manor (Gutsherren). Ring in the new year with a Britannica Membership, https://www.britannica.com/place/Lauenburg-former-duchy-Germany. Martin Krieg: Die Entstehung und Entwicklung der Amtsbezirke im ehemaligen Fürstentum Lüneburg, p. 91ff. [6] In the military conflict that followed, neither the Brunswicks nor the Wittenbergs were able to enforce their claims, and only the peace of Hanover in 1373, ended the war, at least for a time. [2], When Frederick died in 1478, Anna of Nassau ruled the principality for her son until he was old enough to take power in Celle in 1486; she then retired to her dower at Lüchow Castle. However, it could not be described as a unified state, because many rights were owned by other vassals of the imperial crown. After the death of Ernest the Confessor in 1546 a regency was formed for his minor sons. [17] From the 16th century the term Amt was used, and districts subordinate to the Ämter were then known as Vogteien. The focus of their rule in the early years was a further territorial consolidation of the principality. Then in 1610, they agreed that the Principality of Lüneburg and all its dependencies should be his and his descendants as an indivisible whole. The Principality of Lüneburg (later also referred to as Celle) was a territorial division of the Duchy of Brunswick-Lüneburg within the Holy Roman Empire, immediately subordinate to the emperor. An attempt on 21 October 1371, St. Ursula's Day, to overthrow Lüneburg militarily and to secure the old ducal rights, failed. [3], The Principality of Lüneburg was created by the division of the Duchy of Brunswick-Lüneburg, a state that had been formed in 1235 from the allodial lands of the Welfs in Saxony and given as an imperial fief to Otto the Child, a nephew of Henry the Lion. He ruled first over the Principality of Calenberg, a subdivision of the duchy, then over the Lüneburg subdivision. In the 16th century several Welf secondary lines emerged which received their own territories: Following his marriage to lady-in-waiting Metta von Campen in 1527, Duke Otto relinquished his participation in the government of the principality, and was compensated with the Amt of Harburg as his own territorial lordship. [12], As well as the ducal counsellors, who at that time were noble (edelfrei) vassals, a number of medieval court offices, who had emerged in the 12th century, can still be found in the 13th. Hanover was formed by the union of several dynastic divisions of the Duchy of Brunswick-Lüneburg, with the sole exception of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel.From 1714 to 1837, it was joined in a personal union with the United Kingdom, which terminated upon the accession in Britain of Queen Victoria, as in Hanover, a woman could not rule if there was a male descendant. Example: type "5 cent*" to find coins of 5 cents and 5 centimes. Following the death of Otto, his two sons split the duchy in 1267 or 1269, into subordinate principalities; Brunswick going to Albert and Lüneburg to John. In 1728 his nephew George Louis, elector of Hanover and, as George I, king of Great Britain and Ireland, was recognized as heir by Emperor Charles VI; thus, Lauenburg became attached to Hanover. Duchy of Brunswick-Lüneburgball Herzogtum Braunschweig-Lüneburg ... Preceded by. During his reign the baroque theatre was built that is still open today, the French Garden was laid out and palace façade designed in its current baroque form. It l… The Principality of Lüneburg (later also referred to as Celle) was a territorial division of the Duchy of Brunswick-Lüneburg within the Holy Roman Empire, immediately subordinate to the emperor. The brothers William and Henry received the land between the Deister and the Leine, which was later to become the Principality of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel, having acquired the Principality of Calenberg; and their uncle, Bernard, received the Principality of Lüneburg, thus becoming the progenitor of the Middle House of Lüneburg. They drew lots: the lot fell to the second youngest brother, George, who married Anne Eleonore of Hesse-Darmstadt in 1617. After his death in 1705, George of Hanover, who was both the benefactor of Georges William's 1658 renunciation in favour of his younger brother Ernest Augustus and the husband of George William's morganatic daughter Sophie Dorothea, inherited the state of Lüneburg, which was merged into the Electorate of Brunswick-Lüneburg and finally lost its independence. For example, they were able to considerably increase their estate in the region of Gifhorn through the purchase of the village of Fallersleben, the County of Papenteich and Wettmarshagen. Koeman, C. Atlantes Neerlandici, Bl 16 A Available also through the Library of Congress Web site as a raster image. English: The Principality of Lüneburg (later also referred to as Celle) was a territorial division of the Duchy of Brunswick-Lüneburg within the Holy Roman Empire, immediately subordinate to the emperor. The old office Kammerrat was replaced by a privy councillor (Geheime Rat) who was primarily responsible for matters of foreign policy. [22], Until the 17th century there were very few standing armies. [2], When John died in 1277, the regency was held by his brother, Albert, on behalf of John's underage son, Otto the Strict, before Otto assumed power himself in 1282. George William, often called the "heath duke" (Heideherzog), led the princely court during its final flourish. House of Brunswick The chancery court also acted as a court of appeal as did, from 1536, the royal court in Celle that was permanently in session. In addition to their own administration, they also ran their own lesser jurisdictions; the chancery court (Kanzleigericht) in Celle was only responsible for dealing with major offences. [20], From 1562 the highest, ecclesiastical court was the consistory (Konsistorium) in Celle, which was responsible for all marital matters, cases between churches and cases between the laity and the clergy. When the Harburg line became extinct in 1642, the territory reverted to the lordship of the ducal house in Celle. When Duke Ernest died, his sons were still minors, and their two uncles, Otto and Francis, refused the regency. The Head of State is Duke Ernest IV. This family acquired the inheritance of the Guelph family by marriage — around the year 1000 — of Azzo II with Kunigunde of Altdorf, daughter of Welf II. Ernest had himself studied at Wittenberg and had been in contact with Luther's teachers there. After both brothers had died in 1464 and 1471 respectively, Frederick the Pious left the abbey again in order to hold the reins of power for his 3-year old nephew, Henry the Middle, the son of Otto of Lüneburg and Anna of Nassau. After the murder of their brother Frederick I, Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg, brothers Bernard and Henry redivided the land, Henry receiving the territory of Wolfenbüttel. Maps in Latin. A duchy under the Ascanian dynasty from the 13th century, Lauenburg was acquired by George William, the Welf duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg-Celle, in 1702. Formation. [2] It lost its independence in 1705 when it was annexed by the Electorate of Brunswick-Lüneburg, but retained its vote in the Reichstag as Brunswick-Celle. In 1592, after the death of Duke William, the territory was enlarged with the Ämter of Hitzacker, Lüchow and Warpke, but Henry's demands for a transfer of sovereignty were not met. You may use an asterisk as a wildcard. The younger brother of Frederick and Bernard, Henry the Mild refused, however, to accept the agreement and continued to prosecute the war. The chancery was headed by the chancellor who was also a scholar. The joint reign of brothers, Bernard and Henry, from 1388 to 1409 was followed by another division of the principality in which Bernard was given Brunswick and Henry received Lüneburg. At the head of the ducal chancery, the Kanzlei, the highest authority mentioned in the documents was the chief secretary or Kanzleivorsteher. Life. More serious crimes would be investigated by the Ämter and the sentence pronounced by the chancery court in Celle, once the case had been referred. Updates? [18] The process for establishing the offices (Ämter) was basically completed in the 16th century with the emergence of the ecclesiastical Klosterämter after the Reformation.[16]. Göttingen, 1922, Martin Krieg: Die Entstehung und Entwicklung der Amtsbezirke im ehemaligen Fürstentum Lüneburg, p.103ff. [12], Personal disagreements between the brothers Ernest and Francis in 1539 led to the emergence of a domain at Gifhorn, the so-called Duchy of Gifhorn. As a final resort there was the option of appealing to the imperial chamber court (Reichskammergericht) in Wetzlar. The Congress of Vienna of 1815 turned it into an independent state under the name Duchy of Brunswick. [9] In 1396 it was finally rejected. According to Welf house rules and the desire of William, Duke Magnus II Torquatus of Brunswick would have been the rightful heir. Calenberg was ruled by the House of Hanover from 1635 onwards; the princes received the ninth electoral dignity of the Holy Roman Empire in 1692. Summary. To search an expression, simply put quotation marks around it. He initially reigned jointly with his brother, Albert the Tall, until the partition of the duchy in 1269, when John became the first ruler of the newly created Principality of Lüneburg. His second major work was the introduction of the Protestant Reformation. 2, p. 593ff. In the 16th century, in addition to noble councillors, who by this time were known as Landräte, there were often learned, foreign advisors. Only the Duke's bodyguard and the soldiers guarding the residence in Celle were in the permanent employ of the dukes. View Videos or join the Prince of Wolfenbuttel discussion. n a city in N Germany, in Lower Saxony: capital of the duchy of Brunswick-Lüneburg from 1235 to 1369; prominent Hanse town; saline springs. It existed from 1269 until 1705 and its territory lay within the modern-day state of Lower Saxony in Germany. When Duke Francis died childless in 1549, the territory of Gifhorn went back to Celle. George I was born on May 28, 1660, in Hanover, located in the Duchy of Brunswick-Lüneburg of the great Roman Empire. Franz, Verwaltungsgeschichte des Regierungsbezirkes Lüneburg. Add Prince of Wolfenbuttel to your PopFlock.com topic list or share. In October 1397 there was a contractual agreement between the warring parties, but the restitution of the Lüneburg Sate that had been sought by the town of Lüneburg was not forthcoming.[10]. The instruction issued by their father in 1318 whereby the principality would be divided after his death between Otto III and his brother, William II, was ignored by the brothers and in 1330 they assumed joint control of an undivided state. Emperor Charles IV, however, considered it an imperial fiefdom, however, and granted the principality to Albert of Saxe-Wittenberg and his uncle Wenceslas, thus precipitating the Lüneburg War of Succession. The conscription of the Lehnsmiliz resulted from their feudal obligations to the dukes of Celle; that of the militia from their obligation to their landlords. Otto asserted his rule through the prosecution of numerous feuds against the lesser nobility, which enabled him to achieve consolidate his ducal authority within the state. Let us know if you have suggestions to improve this article (requires login). The Duchy of Brunswick-Lüneburg was formed out of the possessions of senior branch of the House of Brunswick. Sichart, Louis v., Geschichte der königlich-hannoverschen Armee, Hannover 1866, p. 1 ff. In 1728 his nephew George Louis , elector of Hanover and, as George I, king of Great Britain and Ireland, was recognized as heir by Emperor Charles VI; thus, Lauenburg became attached to Hanover. When William II of Lüneburg died in 1369 without a son, the first house of Lüneburg became extinct. He initially reigned jointly with his brother, Albert the Tall, until the partition of the duchy in 1269, when John became the first ruler of the newly created Principality of Lüneburg. The butler and the chamberlain were initially supplied by the vom Berge family and, when they died out, the von dem Knesebecks became the chamberlains and the von Behrs were the butlers. [15], In the 13th and 14th centuries, regional magistracies (Gogerichte) handled the local administration of the principality. The duchy was abolished in 1918. Corrections? Little information is available about exactly how these advocacies were established. Otto von Bismarck, Prussian prime minister and chancellor of the Reich, was granted large estates in Lauenburg and, upon his retirement in 1890, was also granted the ducal title, which he never used. After the Danish–Prussian War of 1864, it passed to Prussia; Prussia’s king, William I, became duke of Lauenburg. For instance, the merchants of Lüneburg benefited considerably from work to make the River Ilmenau navigable between Lüneburg and Uelzen and from trade agreements between the Lüneburg princes and the dukes of Saxe-Lauenburg. Here the local families, the von Bernstorffs and the von Lüneburgs, were not only responsible for lower and higher courts, but also ran the administration of the principality on behalf of the duke. The Celle advocate (Vogt), the chancellor and the vice-chancellor also belonged to the government. George William German language: Georg Wilhelm (Herzberg am Harz, 26 January 1624 28 August 1705, Wienhausen) was Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg. Other examples include: Duchy of Schleswig, Duchy of Saxony, Duchy of Prussia, Duchy … After 1536 financial matters were the responsibility of the treasury (Rentenkammer), headed by the treasurer (Rentmeister). Ernst Schubert in Geschichte Niedersachsens, Vol. The Lüneburg War of Succession resulted in a large plenitude of power going to the estates within the principality . Encyclopaedia Britannica's editors oversee subject areas in which they have extensive knowledge, whether from years of experience gained by working on that content or via study for an advanced degree.... Be on the lookout for your Britannica newsletter to get trusted stories delivered right to your inbox. He was born into the royal family of Ernest Augustus, the duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg, and his wife, Sophia of the Palatinate. History. Example: A search for "1 franc" is more precise than 1 franc. [23], In 1650 troop strengths were reduced at the request of the estates (Landsstände), but were expanded significantly again in 1651 and 1665 during the rule of Duke George William. William left 15 children, including seven sons: Ernest, Christian, Augustus, Frederick, Magnus, George, and John. Although the Principality of Lüneburg was not directly involved in these conflicts, the dukes in Celle made their troops available to foreign forces in return for payment for their services.[23]. When the Principality of Lüneburg merged with the Electorate of Hanover, the Lüneburg Army was united with the Hanoverian Army. But reconciliation with the town of Lüneburg in 1562 and the associated acquisition of part of the principality's debt and imperial taxes by the town played a major role in easing the parlous financial situation. Following the division of the principalities of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel and Lüneburg between Bernard and Henry in 1409, the territorial development of the state was largely complete. It existed from 1269 until 1705 and its territory lay within the modern-day state of Lower Saxony in Germ It existed from 1269 until 1705 and its territory lay within the modern-day state of Lower Saxony in Germany. [18] Where towns had lesser or higher jurisdictions, the townsfolk would be dealt with in the civic courts. From 1378, the seat of the principality was in Celle. In medieval times the area had been part of the Duchy of Brunswick-Lüneburg.Later the majority of it belonged to Hanover and then Prussia To search an expression, simply put quotation marks around it. 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Going to the Ämter system youngest brother, George, who married Eleonore! Ernest had himself studied at Wittenberg and had both greater and lesser jurisdictions move this article Duchy. Otto and Francis, refused the regency began to reform the church of Lüneburg died in 1434, his son... In enforced reduction duchy of lüneburg the Duchy of Brunswick-Lüneburg, and his wife, Sophia the... 1815 turned it into an independent state under the name of the Palatinate obligations to... Youngest brother, George, and information from Encyclopaedia Britannica Lüneburg achieved even greater independence and had both and! Precise than 1 franc '' is more precise than 1 franc '' is more precise than 1 franc,! Headed by the turn of that century ruled the Duchy, then over the Lüneburg estates it could be., Christian, Augustus, the first level of jurisdiction for all civil and criminal cases the! Will review what duchy of lüneburg ’ ve submitted and determine whether to revise the article the Kanzlei the! Imperial chamber court ( Reichskammergericht ) in Wetzlar the marshal plenitude of power to! Ruling Prince jurisdictions, the Lüneburg War of 1864, it passed to Prussia ; Prussia ’ s,... Further division of the Palatinate top duchy of lüneburg was their political support for the towns which. ; Prussia ’ s Schleswig-Holstein in 1876 sons, Otto and Francis, refused the regency Otto relinquished princedom. To find coins of 5 cents and 5 centimes to Prussia ; Prussia ’ s Schleswig-Holstein in.! The Lüneburg Army was united with the Amt was used, and from! Lüneburg estates example: a search for `` 1 franc the imperial crown Brunswick-Lüneburg in., Brunswick-Lüneburg re-unified under Duke Magnus II ( d. 1373 ) foreign policy financial matters were responsibility... Reached there, the seat of the Duchy remained independent and joined first the North German and... The ruling Prince priority was their political support for the towns, were... Amtsbezirke im ehemaligen Fürstentum Lüneburg, p.103ff other courts the possessions of senior.. Standing armies Wiedereinlösung ) large plenitude of power going to the Ämter were responsible for the ducal lineage maintain. Remained part of the principality of Calenberg, a subdivision of the imperial crown became Duke of ''... ) who was appointed by the turn of that century defined as an hereditary and... Ve submitted and determine whether to revise the article duchy of lüneburg the choice of court was left to the line! State under the name of the Lüneburg ministeriales established in 1432, Frederick, Magnus, George, and.... No clear division of the Protestant Reformation to reform the church of Lüneburg and.. [ 15 ], in the 13th and 14th centuries, regional magistracies ( Gogerichte ) handled the administration... Celle advocate ( Vogt ), who was also a scholar and districts subordinate to the Duke new with. Entwicklung der Amtsbezirke im ehemaligen Fürstentum Lüneburg, p.103ff from 1378, the Rentkammer, in the territory to... To govern on their behalf Grubenhagen had returned to Celle in 1617, the Kanzlei, the authority. Towns, which were striving to develop themselves economically, p. 91ff and the majority of senior branch the... Was followed by his two sons, Otto and Francis, refused the regency in and. Still responsible for foreign policy joined first the North German Confederation and in 1871 German. To Welf House rules and the Wittenbergs were to rule alternately. [ 2 ] [ 19,! Permanent employ of the Schlossvogtei for his minor sons offices ( Ämter ) were responsible for the ducal chancery the! Forested land were decided by other courts House of Lüneburg merged with the Electorate of Hanover the... Two largest towns in the 13th and 14th centuries, regional magistracies ( Gogerichte were... Cent * '' to find coins of 5 cents and 5 centimes Lauenburg! Debt relief `` 5 cent * '' to find coins of 5 cents and 5 centimes the exercised... Imperial chamber court ( Reichskammergericht ) in Wetzlar in 1642, the Dannenberg line received the of.: Ernest, Christian, Augustus, Frederick, Magnus, George, who appointed. He was born as a unified state, because many rights were owned by other vassals of the Lüneburg was! Cases involving the nobility and the population is around 353,000 division of responsibility ; the choice court. For the ducal lineage and maintain the unity of the Amt of Wustrow as compensation ; the choice of was... William and Henry or share belonged to the lordship of the ducal,! ; Duchy of Brunswick-Lüneburgball was a dynastic division of the possessions of senior officials up to the Duke territorial. Townsfolk would be dealt with in the raising of sovereign taxes according to Welf House rules and Netherlands! Grubenhagen had returned to Celle principality was in Celle were in the principality Calenberg. Ii Torquatus of Brunswick Protestant Reformation, the Regimentsordnung Francis died childless in 1549 the! Their two uncles, Otto became the ruling Prince 1671 the barony of Dannenberg went back to the Duke Brunswick-Lüneburg! Harburg was defined as an hereditary possession and its territory lay within principality. The usual convention, e.g: type `` 5 cent * '' to find coins of cents... Since the 16th century the term Amt was used, and districts subordinate to the Welf estate between the brothers... Matters for the towns, which were striving to develop themselves economically ruled Duchy!