Susceptibility of plant species with phytoremediation potential of the herbicide sulfentrazone (Susceptibilidade de espécies de plantas com potencial de fitorremediação do herbicida sulfentrazone). Brasil. The percentage of seeds that germinated after various periods of continuous acid scarification was: 0 min, 0.7%; 5 min, 4.0%; 30 min, 10.7%; 1 hr, 24.0%; 2 hr, 19.3%; 4 hr, 32.0%; 6 hr, 37.3%; 7 hr, 66.7%; 8 hr 60.7%; 9 hr, 72.7%; and 10 hr, 33.5% (Baskin and Baskin, 1997). If the pollutant or contaminant is not available from the environment, (micro)organism cannot successfully perform longer. Phytoremediation of soils contaminated with the herbicide sulfentrazone by green manure species (Fitorremediação de solos contaminados com o herbicida sulfentrazone por espécies de adubos verdes). In most situations, the N2 fixed by food or forage legumes probably does not increase the soil N pool and may not have considerable residual effect. Groundnut cultivars Kadiri 6 and Kadiri 134 were genetically engineered with TSV-CP gene, and integration of the gene was confirmed in T1, T2, and T3 generations. Morphological aspects of green manure species in soil with tebuthiuron and vinasse. and Chen, C.P. This work was supported by Coordination of Superior Level Staff Improvement (CAPES, Brazil) and Pró-Reitoria de Pós-Graduação da Unesp (Brazil). In another experiment, seeds of I. corei were given cycles of 1-hr of soaking in conc. They also are an excellent source of nitrogen ahead of fall-planted crops and can be used on poor land as part of a soil-building cover crop sequence (SARE, 2007). The repeated application of chemical insecticides has adverse effects on the health of farmers and farm animals as well as other beneficial insects, soil microbes, and herbivores. 4). Soon after this, Bt crops and Bt technology (insect-resistant transgenic crop development technology) were considered important and integral parts of integrated pest management systems in worldwide agriculture. Herb. Green manures are made by incorporating plant materials (either freshly cut weeds or rotation crop debris) into soils while still green. (2014) reported phytoremediation benefits by Phaseolus vulgaris on the growth and development of Urochloa brizantha. The green manures and the supplemented urea-N increased cane yield by 2 to 26% and 26 to 57%, respectively. Studies conducted on monkeys (Mao et al., 2016) and mice (Xu et al., 2009) for food and feed assessment confirmed the safety of the Cry1Ab/Ac protein (Koch et al., 2015). Agrícol e Ambiental 14, 1131–1135. Anais da Acad. 6.ed., v.1. However, there is a major drawback in all those studies: the toxicity of these samples has not been quantified before and after the treatments. The fiber ultimates are small and short, but in bundles they provide the reinforcement to stems and leaves. This gave results with considerable success, confirmed by the 15-year HD/R resistance management strategy for Bt crops in North America (Huang et al., 2011). Sobrero, M. C., and Ronco, A. The average local temperature and precipitation are 22.1°C and 1,200 mm, respectively. Cienc. Mulches are plant materials such as straw of the previous crops that are used as a soil cover mainly for conservation of soil moisture. Rio de Janeiro: Embrapa. H2SO4) scarification, respectively, for 100% germination (Sharma et al., 1978). However, some small-scale farmers who can afford chemical fertilizers now use them. doi: 10.21800/2317-66602017000400005, Assis, R. L., Procópio, S. O., Carmo, M. L., Pires, F. R., Cargnelutti Filho, A., and Braz, G. B. P. (2010). Millsp. The parameters were tebuthiuron concentration, vinasse volume, and the four plant species. To smother weedy fields, some growers plant a fallow cycle of two successive crops of buckwheat followed by winter rye. Brasil. LF, BM, and PL: formal analysis, data curation, and writing—original draft. It has also been reported that buckwheat contains higher concentrations of calcium, potassium, magnesium, and phosphorus than other plants like sorghum, maize, wheat, and clover (Warman, 1991). The most commonly used green manures in Southern Africa are velvet beans (Mucuna pruriens); lablab (Lablab purpureus); sunn hemp (Crotalaria juncea), Crotalaria grahamiana, Tephrosia vogelii, and several others. ), and Asteraceae (Compositae; Senecio spp.). Lettuce seeds (Lactuca sativa) were the test organism, according to Sobrero and Ronco (2004). Trop. 9, 59–67. (2005). 21, 451–458. This herbicide is highly toxic and can persist in soil for up to 2 years according to its degradation half-life. Rev. In contrast, the control soil sample (without tebuthiuron and vinasse) peaked in height, stem diameter, and number of leaves. Chemosphere 91, 869–881. IC has now gained recognition as a major pest in India, causing up to 20% yield loss in jute cultivation (Ramasubramanian et al., 2009). Figure 3. Optimum cutting height to enable high yields and subsequent cuts should be about 30 cm. Seeds in a mass collection of I. brachiatus were not obviously different with regard to size or color; however, they exhibited physiological differences. This Cry1Ab/Ac gene was reported to be effective against the yellow stem borer (Scirpophaga incertulas) (Tu et al., 1998), the striped rice stem borer (Chilo suppressalis), the pink stem borer (Sesamia inferens), the leaf folder (Cnaphalocrocis medinalis), and the green semilooper (Naranga anescens) (Ye et al., 2001; Tu et al., 2000) in Bt rice and against the pod borer (Helicoverpa armigera) in Bt chickpea plants (Ganguly et al., 2014). 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