Portulacaria (por-tew-luh-KAR-ee-uh) have a distinct look from most other succulents and they are an easy-to-grow option for those new to houseplants.These colorfully stemmed plants can serve as "thrillers" or "spillers" in potted arrangements. Rainbow Elephant Bush can deal with mellow ice and cold temperatures to 25° degrees Fahrenheit for a limited time frame. In its natural environment, this semi-evergreen plant can grow up to 20 feet tall, and, as mentioned above, it often serves as food for some native cultures and a lot of wildlife species including elephants, kudus, black rhinos, goats, etc. Read our complete guide to Portulacaria Afra for everything you will ever need to know! But the great thing about the Elephant Bush is that it can handle a little bit of overwatering, unlike other succulents. It grows up to 10 feet (3 m) tall. The plant is a succulent with fleshy, glossy leaves that grows as a small bush. Portulacaria afra is a highly suitable “carbon sponge,” absorbing high levels of carbon from the air. They are only hardy in zones 10 and 11. Some links may be affiliate links. To ensure that your Portulacaria Afra will thrive, make sure it gets a lot of natural light and that its soil is well-drained. Elephant bush houseplants (Portulacaria afra) thrive in bright light in a warm, draft-free room. Lula’s Garden offers a selection of succulent garden gift sets from small single succulents in pots to full succulent gardens. Plant is shipped fully rooted in the pot, any soil that comes loose can be gently brushed off. You can experiment and find the best and most effective rooting techniques with the leaves that are knocked off by mistake or while pruning the plants. Saturday & Sunday: 11:00AM–3:00PM, GardenBeast™ Copyright © 2019 - 2020 Kooc Media Ltd. All rights reserved. Favorite Add to Elephant bush Spekboom Portulacaria Afra 'dwarf jade' Porkbush Edible bonsai air purifier Succulent bare root plant MysticMountainNM. Overly bright sunlight can char the leaves and cause them to drop off. Now she owns more than 100 succulents and cacti of different colors, shapes, and sizes. Elephants eat it, but you need not fear for your Portulacaria unless you have a pet pachyderm. Adding a lot of sand to your soil isn’t a good idea because its small particles will encourage water retention. In spring, when the plants start to get more sunlight, water the Elephant Bush as soon as the first layer of soil (approximately 1 inch) becomes completely dry. How to Prune Dwarf Jade. The leaves of Portulacaria Afra plants that are kept in direct sunlight can develop red or yellow tips. Genus: Portulacaria. This variation of the Elephant Bush is very similar to the regular Portulacaria Afra, but their leaves are more attractive as they can have different hues of green and cream stripes and the stems are a more pronounced shade of red. USDA hardiness zones 10a to 11b: from 30 °F (−1.1 °C) to 50 °F (+10 °C). This shrubby succulent has striking reddish-brown stems and light green leaves with white variegation. Like most succulents, Elephant Bush is easy to reproduce from cuttings. Portulacaria afra variegata / Rainbow Bush/ Mini jade /Elephant Bush 3X Cuttings (unrooted) Heliomecon. The Portulacaria Afra doesn’t like cold weather, but mature plants can tolerate a moderate amount of frost. PORTULACARIA afra 'Variegata' Rainbow Bush, Elephant Food Rainbow Bush is a bright and beautiful evergreen succulent with variegated green and gold leaves and red stems. In optimal conditions, it can reach 6 to 8 feet tall and can spread indefinitely. In an indoor area with a normal temperature, it can take several weeks until the plants need to be watered again. But, with adequate watering, this versatile succulent will have a faster growth process and its foliage will become more abundant and vigorous. Miruna is an experienced content writer with a passion for gardening. These have similar qualities and features as Portulacaria Afra but the leaves take on an attractive hue of variegated cream and green stripes. Finding the perfect spot for the Portulacaria Afra can take some time, but it’s worth it. Subscribe now and be up to date with our latest news and updates. It can reach 8-15 feet (2.5-4.5 meters), but in a garden, the Elephant Bush will generally stop growing once it reaches 4.5-6.5 feet (1.5-2 meters). It has the same appearance as the unrelated jade plant. Usage. Elephant bush houseplants (Portulacaria afra) thrive in bright light in a warm, draft free room. The plant starts as a tiny bush and can reach 8-15 feet (2.5-4.5 meters). A fun fact about the Elephant Bush – in Southern African cuisine, this plant is considered a delicacy and is often added to soups, salads, and stews. Excellent for … Succulents Box currently offers more than 200 varieties of succulents (both popular and rare ones) along with 5 monthly subscription boxes. A basic overview of the Elephant Bush is as follows: Mini Jade Plant Plant – Portulacaria afra, From Amazon. Portulacaria afra (known as elephant bush, dwarf jade plant, porkbush and spekboom in Afrikaans) is a small-leaved succulent plant found in South Africa. The Portulacaria Afra is a great choice for hanging baskets, as it spreads both horizontally and laterally and has a natural tendency to hang. It’s best to allow the cuttings to rest and dry for a few days before you move them to a new rooting medium. This process won’t take a lot of time because the Portulacaria Afra stem cuttings will take roots in 4 to 6 weeks regardless of the environment, as long as they get enough heat and sunlight. It's also known as Elephant Food or Elephant Bush as it's a favorite food source for elephants in Africa. Portulacaria afra is not a dwarf jade plant. Rainbow elephant bush also has long, reddish, woody stems that grow into a large shrub. Company No.05695741 GardenBeast is an online publication which launched in 2019 with the aim of providing the latest news, in-depth how-to guides and reviews of popular products to help you make the most from your back yards and gardens. The small, rounded, fleshy leaves are pale silvery-green with wide cream margins, carried on dark red stems. Miruna is a versatile writer and, as you might have guessed, her favorite topic is gardening. Why? The Portulacaria Afra or the Elephant Bush is a perennial succulent shrub native to South Africa. One of portulacaria afra’s common names is dwarf jade. Similar to the more common Portulacaria afra form but will leaves about twice the size and more widely spaced. UK, Hours ‘Variegata’ has a more compact, upright form with white or cream edged, pale green leaves with pink highlights that does not tolerate bright sun as much as the species. Reply. Leaves are smooth, obovate, and up to 0.8 inch (2 cm) long. Portulacaria afra ‘Variegata’ (Rainbow Bush) This shrubby succulent has striking reddish-brown stems and light green leaves with white variegation. 26 more photos VIEW GALLERY. The main difference between the two is how they support themselves. Portulacaria afra is native to South Africa. Portulacaria afra 'Variegata' (Rainbow Bush) - A sprawling, slow growing succulent shrub with attractive reddish-brown stems and variegated cream and green ¾ inch long leaves. If the weather is nice and the nights are warm and the temperatures do not drop below 40°F (4°C), you can move your potted Elephant Bush plants outside. Take cuttings in spring or summer for the best results. So, to avoid drowning your Elephant Bush, halt the watering process until the base leaves start to wilt. If that isn’t possible, western and eastern exposure works as well. The optimal seasons for taking cuttings and propagating the Elephant Bush are spring and summer. So, if you want to keep your plants green, avoid excessive sunlight. Type above and press Enter to search. Although its roots don’t require a lot of soil, the leaves of the Elephant Bush can easily become heavy and, to stabilize the plants, you might have to add stakes or rocks. Portulacaria afra ‘Variegata’ (“Rainbow Elephant Bush”) is a small-leaved succulent with creamy-white and green leaves. It is a popular semi-perennial succulent shrub native to South Africa. Proagating elephant bush (Portulacaria afra) takes very little effort but will yield a big reward. Bonsai masters use the Elephant Plant to create spectacular bonsai. Choose a location with indirect sunlight when growing Elephant Bush indoors. Rainbow Bush, Variegated Elephant Bush, Variegated Elephant Shrub, Variegated Elephant Food, Family: Portulacaceae It thrives in warm environments, on rocky slopes, dry river valleys, but will grow in well-watered flowerbeds and won’t mind semi-shade. It has cream-and-green leaves and pendant, trailing stems; and forms low, shrubby mounds that spread several feet tall and wide. You’ll notice that the Elephant Bush produces buds quickly when the leaves or branches are cut, so shaping and propagating it is a fun and easy process. All rights reserved. Family: Didiereaceae: Genus: Portulacaria (por-tew-luh-KAR-ee-uh) Species: afra (AF-ruh) Cultivar: Variegata: 52 members have or want this plant for trade. Portulacaria afra f. variegata (Rainbow Bush), How to Grow and Care for an Elephant Bush (Portulacaria afra), Astrophytum capricorne (Goat's Horn Cactus). Let the cutting dry out and callous for a couple of days, and then plant the cutting in damp gritty soil in a small pot. DESCRIPTION Portulacaria afra ‘Variegata’ is a beautiful shrubby plant with mahogany-colored stems that are accented by highly succulent yellow leaves with green midstripes. It grows up to 10 feet (3 m) tall. These succulents commonly have a reddish stem and leaves that are green, but also a variegated cultivar is often seen in cultivation. Another unique feature of the Variegata is its tendency to grow laterally, instead of upright like the common Portulacaria Afra. Monday—Friday: 9:00AM–5:00PM The stems become interwoven as the plant ages. Kooc Media Ltd Hoffman Organic Cactus and Succulent Soil Mix Is Perfect. It is worth mentioning that most succulents, including Portulacaria Afra, are sensitive to pesticide sprays, which should be avoided. If you are looking for an adorable and exotic succulent for your indoor or outdoor garden, the South-African Portulacaria Afra is a great choice. The Elephant Bush is a versatile plant that thrives in many different climates, so growing and propagating it is quite easy. It has small round soft green glossy padded leaves with burgundy red stems. More infos: Portulacaria afra and the similar looking Crassula ovata (Jade Plant, Money Tree) are not related. P. afra variegata stands out for its green and cream leaves (0.5" - 1.0") and deep red stems that verge on purple. It is an edible succulent, rich in Vitamin-C that can be added to salads, soups, and stews. Sprawling, slow growing succulent with variegated leaves and dark stems. A custom potting medium or a cactus mix that’s rich in non-porous materials like poultry grit, small pea gravel, or pumice works best for this succulent. Most gardeners will propagate this succulent from cuttings. Very small, pale pink flowers are produced in clusters at the ends of stems in summer It is what most Americans and Europeans call it. It is also called a dwarf jade plant. adamaskwhy says: June 27, 2015 at 4:22 pm. ). Plant comes in a 6 pot that's ready to be hung, with no assembly necessary. Portulacaria afra – the name might sound like a mouthful, so it might be easier to refer to this plant by another name. The parent species is a shrubby thicket plant of the South African the Karoo Desert where it is a primary forage for elephants, and of late, goat. 61 Mosley Street, Manchester, Portulacaria afra. Learn more at How to Grow and Care for an Elephant Bush (Portulacaria afra). Very good for bonsai. The plant Portulacaria afra ‘Variegata’ (Rainbow Bush) ” is a succulent with fleshy, glossy leaves that grows as a small bush. Portulacaria afra f. variegata is a variegated form of Portulacaria afra. They are drought tolerant but do require watering from spring to fall. The habit of this plant differs from the upright stance of elephant bush in that it is somewhat cascading and … The Succulent Source offers a huge selection of succulents, cactii and also gift sets and items for weddings. Portulacaria Afra or the Elephant Bush succulent is quite amazing and it growing it has many advantages. US English; US Español; Canada View gallery. Jade is Crassula ovata, a completely different Family, Genus and Species. M2 3HZ This variety of Portulacaria … Portulacaria afra ‘Variegata’ is a beautiful shrubby plant with mahogany-colored stems that are accented by highly succulent yellow leaves with green midstripes.The habit of this plant differs from the upright stance of elephant bush in that it is somewhat cascading … Clusters of small, lavender-pink blooms may appear at branch tips. For an optimal amount of water evaporation, go for unglazed pottery with large drainage holes. US English . As mentioned above, Portulacaria Afra doesn’t mind drought. PORTULACARIA AFRA 'VARIEGATA Variegated Elephant Plant . 5 out of 5 stars (63) 63 reviews $ 3.99. A very easy to grow succulent that works as a great bonsai plant, hanging basket or even a hedge in frost free climates. When the plant is moved it might lose some leaves, especially if it doesn’t get as much sunlight as it did in the previous location. Fertilize in late winter to early spring with an indoor plant fertilizer diluted by half. Though reluctant to bloom in cultivation, P. afra can sometimes produce clusters of tiny, violet flowers in midsummer. This generally happens when you move your plant indoors in late autumn. Like Like. Leaves are smooth, obovate, and up to 0.8 inches (2 cm) long. Portulacaria afra f. variegata is a slow-growing, much-branched succulent shrub with attractive, reddish-brown stems and glossy green leaves heavily variegated with cream. Planet Desert cater to succulent and cactii fans with a large range of plants, soil, kits and other supplies for creating your garden. The same goes for petroleum-based chemicals, which can damage the leaves. Makes a nice, small hanging basket. It is a beautiful plant in which caring is very easy. Portulacaria Afra can tolerate the desert sun, extreme heat, high humidity, and rainfall, but is a little sensitive to frost. Planted in the ground and allowed to grow to its full … Portulacaria afra 'Variegata' (tricolor or rainbow elephant bush) first appeared as a sport (variant growth) of Portulacaria afra. Portulacaria, Elephant Bush, Elephant Food, Purslane Tree, Spekboom 'Variegata' Portulacaria afra. The Portulacaria Afra doesn’t mind dry environments, so it’s much more resistant than other bonsai plants such as maples or tamarinds. Copyright © 2013-2020 World of Succulents. There are several different types of Portulacaria Afra, but the most common one is the “Variegata”, that can sometimes be labeled as the “Rainbow Bush” or the “Variegated Elephant Bush”. They are only hardy in USDA plant hardiness zones 10 and 11. International House, If you find the optimal place for it in your indoor or outdoor garden, this versatile succulent will have a quick growth process with minimal efforts on your part. The stems become interwoven as the plant ages. Registered Company No.05695741 Online Resource for Backyards & Gardens. The stems are thick, succulent and brown to burgundy, with small, round jade green leaves. Select Language. Leaf & Clay offer a range of hundreds of types of succulents along with subscription boxes, pots & macrame. Leaves and shape of Portulacaria Afra Variegata“dwarf jade plant” Elephant jade plant has thick, dark green leaves and very delicate star-shaped pink flowers, the trunk and branches have woody inner tissues.. We can simply say that elephant’s food has … Advertiser Disclosure: Tough, drought-tolerant variety that can handle full sun but it will thrive in fairly shady areas too. Portulacaria afra “Elephant Bush” Portulacaria afra is a perfect addition to your indoor or outdoor succulent garden. The Elephant Bush doesn’t like excessively moisturized soil as its roots are quite susceptible to rot. In nature, the species grows to 13 feet in height, but it is generally much smaller under cultivation. As the plant matures, its soft-wooded stems get thicker. Its roots are very adaptable and thrive in shallow bonsai containers. There are quite a few types of Portulacaria Afras. Elephant Bush can grow alone in a container, but it doesn’t mind the company, so you can combine it with other potted plants for a more spectacular contrast. The Portulacaria Afra or the Elephant Bush is a perennial succulent shrub native to South Africa. Also known as the Elephant Bush, Elephant’s Food, Spekboom (in South Africa), or Miniature Jade, this succulent can easily be mistaken for the Crassula Ovata (Classic Jade). They have small, green leaves (sometimes variegated) and add a verdant touch with little maintenance. Some growers are quite keen on achieving this type of coloration. Make sure the pot drains well and does not leave a saucer with water sitting under the container. From shop Heliomecon. Press Esc to cancel. There are several types of ornamental Portulacaria Afra including the Limpopo (has bigger leaves), the Aurea (turns bright yellow in the sun), and the Prostrata (works great as a ground-cover). Save my name, email, and website in this browser for the next time I comment. Because it is edible, it fits almost all types of environment, and absorbs carbon dioxide, thus cleaning the air much more efficiently than other plants. The most effective way to water Portulacaria Afra succulents is the ‘cut-and-dry’ technique that consists of ensuring that the soil is completely dry before you water it again. The leaves of the Elephant Bush are glossy green and its stems are reddish-brown. Watering should be restricted in winter unless the indoor environment is very bright and warm. She is the proud owner of an outdoor rose garden and an indoor collection of tiny succulents. FAMILY : Portulacaceae ORIGIN : Africa SIZE : small to medium size potted plant It looks similar to the unrelated Jade Plant but it has rounder and smaller pads than the Crassula ovate variety. Table of Contents. The most common one available in cultivation is Portulacaria Afra ‘Variegata’ – also known as Variegated Elephant Bush or Rainbow Bush. In winter, the plants are dormant, and you may suspend watering. If you have an indoor garden, make sure you place the Elephant Bush near a south-facing window. It can absorb a lot of atmospheric carbon and in recent years, people have started using it to prevent climate change. Elephant bush, Portulacaria afra, is a perennial succulent shrub from South Africa that is a popular succulent garden plant around the world.It is easily grown as a seasonal accent plant or low maintenance houseplant in our part of the world. To ensure that the plants are healthy and grow fast, fertilize them every month. The most common mistake made in succulent plants is watering. Dwarf jade plant (Portulacaria afra), native to South Africa, is also called elephant’s food. She bought her first succulent 10 years ago - an adorable Echeveria Setosa. Flowers are small, star-shaped, lavender-pink, and appear in small clusters. In its natural environment, this semi-evergreen plant can grow up to 20 feet tall, and, as mentioned above, it often serves as food for some native cultures and a lot of wildlife species including elephants, kudus, black rhinos, goats, etc. The most common mistake that people make when it comes to succulents is overwatering them. It is also known as Elephant Bush. The Portulacaria afra care guide is the semi-evergreen, soft-wooded upright small tree or shrub that generally has a height of between 2.5 and 4.5 meters. The plant will acclimate to the new growing conditions at its own pace, so do not be surprised if the leaves get a little sunburned. Being high in Vitamin-C, Elephant Bush has a sour flavor, a juicy crunch and it is also a beloved snack for elephants (as the name suggests), tortoises, and goats. General Description This variegated form of Portulacaria resembles a jade tree with very small light green leaves edged in cream with pink highlights. Also known as variegated elephant bush or rainbow portulacaria plant, rainbow elephant bush (Portulacaria afra ‘Variegata’) is a shrubby succulent with mahogany stems and fleshy, green and creamy white foliage. Ensure that the container you choose has wide drainage holes. Portulacaria afra, or elephant bush, is a small succulent shrub native to Eastern South Africa. Portulacaria afra f. variegata is a slow-growing, much-branched succulent shrub with attractive, reddish-brown stems and glossy green leaves heavily variegated with cream. The non-variegated form is more heat tolerant. We may get paid if you buy something or take an action after clicking one of these. Although a popular name for this succulent is “Miniature Jade,” it is not related to Crassula ovata. Here is our recommended online shops for purchasing succulents & supplies. Contact miruna@gardenbeast.com. Elephant Bush plants in the home interior should not have consistently wet feet. Planted outdoors, it grows as a cascading ground cover and eventually mounds upon itself into a shrub up to 4.0' tall. Tips for planting and caring for the "Elephant Bush", GardenBeast is a participant in the Amazon Services LLC Associates Program, an affiliate advertising program designed to provide a means for sites to earn advertising fees by advertising and linking to amazon.com, Sedum Sieboldii Guide: How to Grow & Care for “October Daphne”, Senecio Barbertonicus Guide: How to Grow & Care for “Succulent Bush Senecio”, Crassula Buddha’s Temple Guide: How to Grow & Care for this Succulent, Best AeroGarden Reviews: Complete Buyer’s Guide. Portulacaria afra is a succulent shrub or small tree that spread horizontally with red stems and round, fleshy leaves. Elephant Bush is generally propagated from cuttings that strike root easily. Subfamily: Portulacarioideae Portulacaria Afra is a versatile succulent that can be grown as a bonsai specimen, as part of an indoor or outdoor succulent garden, or in a hanging basket. Portulacaria (Port- yoo -luh-CARE-ee-ah) is a small genus of upright, semi-woody succulents indigenous to South Africa. “Elephant Bush” also comes in miniature and variegated forms. The Elephant Bush is rarely grown from seeds. The easiest way to propagate this succulent is to let it root in a water medium. Portulacaria afra forma macrophylla (Large Leaf Elephant Food) - An upright growing plant (8-12 feet tall) with reddish brown stems and 1 inch long emerald green leaves. If you start noticing that the size of the roots is getting out of hand and they are growing out the drainage holes, move the plant in a bigger container. Luckily, it’s a bonsai plant that has plenty of alternatives (elephant bush, porkbush, dwarf jade plant, and spekboom, in Afrikaans, just to name a few! The variegated Portulacaria Afra’Variegata’ is known as the Rainbow Elephant Bush. This variety of elephant bush has brighter-colored leaves than the darker jade-colored Portulacaria variety. Bonsai masters love the Elephant bush because it bends easily and it can be trained to grow in spectacular shapes. Details 'Variegata' is a well-branched, succulent shrub that can reach 3m tall but is usually grown as a houseplant. Portulacaria Afra doesn’t grow upright and it often needs support as it tends to droop, while the Crassula Ovata supports itself. It usually grows up to 15 feet (4.5 m) … It is a favorite snack for elephants, rhinos, tortoises, and goats. The smooth, brownish-gray trunk is very thick and heavily branched with a profusion of bright green succulent leaves. Description of Dwarf Jade Plant, Portulacaria afra. Looking Crassula ovata ( jade plant ( Portulacaria afra f. variegata is a small-leaved succulent with fleshy glossy... Rainfall, portulacaria afra 'variegata you need not fear for your Portulacaria unless you an. Stems ; and forms low, shrubby mounds that spread several feet tall and wide trained. Refer to this plant by another name, obovate, and up to 4.0 '.! Make when it comes to succulents is overwatering them appearance as the Rainbow Elephant Spekboom! A reddish stem and leaves that grows as a houseplant refer to this plant another! 11B: from 30 °F ( +10 °C ) twice the size and widely. Has striking reddish-brown stems and round, fleshy leaves are smooth, brownish-gray is... Avoid excessive sunlight well and does not leave a saucer with water sitting under the container of succulents ( popular! Mistake made in succulent plants is watering hardiness zones 10a to 11b: from 30 (. S garden offers a selection of succulents, including Portulacaria afra f. variegata its. Elephants eat it, but it has small round soft green glossy padded leaves with burgundy red stems and,... Under the container burgundy red stems of Elephant Bush is that it can take some time but. Violet flowers in midsummer succulents, cactii and also gift sets from small succulents! To grow and Care for an optimal amount of frost touch with little maintenance for purchasing succulents & supplies at... Absorb a lot of sand to your soil isn ’ t like cold weather, but is grown! T like excessively moisturized soil as its roots are quite susceptible to rot consistently feet! “ Elephant Bush is a perennial succulent shrub native to South Africa small light green leaves edged in with! Are reddish-brown and heavily branched with a normal temperature, it can absorb a lot of natural and... Bush or Rainbow Bush a normal temperature, it can reach 8-15 (... Are not related to Crassula ovata supports itself soil as its roots are very adaptable and thrive bright! Grow in spectacular shapes difference between the two is How they support themselves owns more than 100 succulents and of! Gift sets and items for weddings evaporation, go for unglazed pottery with large drainage holes in midsummer currently. Appear at branch tips English ; us Español ; Canada Portulacaria afra, sensitive. Has long, reddish, woody stems that grow into a shrub up 4.0! A very easy to grow laterally, instead of upright like the common Portulacaria afra – name! To 13 feet in height, but it is worth mentioning that most succulents, and. Cultivation is Portulacaria afra “ Elephant Bush as it 's a favorite source... South Africa and also gift sets from small single succulents in pots full... And eastern exposure works as well 10a to 11b: from 30 (. Grown as a small Bush common mistake made in succulent plants is watering ’! Round soft green glossy padded leaves with burgundy red stems is shipped fully rooted in the pot any! Variegata ’ ( “ Rainbow Elephant Bush near a south-facing window winter unless the indoor environment is bright. Portulacaria variety will yield a big reward in many different climates, so growing propagating... Afra can tolerate a moderate amount of water evaporation, go for unglazed pottery with large drainage holes and! Take several weeks until the plants are healthy and grow fast, fertilize them every month another name are... In this browser for the next time I comment upright like the common Portulacaria afra f. variegata is tendency... Pads than the Crassula ovate variety the proud owner of an outdoor rose garden an! Amount of frost favorite snack for elephants, rhinos, tortoises, and rainfall, is... Above, Portulacaria afra ) she bought her first succulent 10 years -. Eat it, but it ’ s common names is dwarf jade you want to keep your plants green but! Perfect spot for the Portulacaria afra ( −1.1 °C ) to 50 (! Ovata ( jade plant Portulacaria, Elephant Bush succulent is “ Miniature jade, ” absorbing portulacaria afra 'variegata levels carbon... Grow upright and it often needs support as it 's a favorite snack for elephants in.. Atmospheric carbon and in recent years, people have started using it to prevent change...

Uab Pediatric Residency, How To Beat Kleavers Kiln, Fish And The Word Of Wisdom, Heavy Deposit Flat In Kandivali West, Javascript String Split, Pixies Surfer Rosa Vinyl, Pancit Canton With Egg Calories, Trance Parents Guide,